TY - JOUR
T1 - Adolescent time use and mental health: a cross-sectional, compositional analysis in the Millennium Cohort Study.
AU - Andrew J. Atkin
AU - Jack R. Dainty
AU - Dorothea Dumuid
AU - Elli Kontostoli
AU - Lee Shepstone
AU - Richard Tyler
AU - Richard Noonan
AU - Richardson, Cassandra
AU - Stuart J. Fairclough
N1 - Funding Information:
Contributors AA conceived the research question, contributed to the statistical analysis and led on the manuscript preparation. JD conducted the statistical analysis, generated the figures and contributed to drafting segments of the Methods and Results sections. DD contributed to the development of the research question and advised on the statistical analysis and interpretation of the results. EK contributed to preparation of the Introduction and Discussion sections and the interpretation of the results. LS contributed to the development of the research question, the analytical approach and interpretation of results. RT contributed to the development of the research question and interpretation of the results. CR, RN and SF contributed to the development of the research question, the analytical approach and interpretation of results. All authors provided critical feedback on drafts of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript. Funding This work was supported by a Child Development Research Grant from the Waterloo Foundation (Grant ref: 1669-3509). Elli Kontostoli is partially supported by an Academy of Medical Sciences/the British Heart Foundation/the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/the Wellcome Trust Springboard Award (SBF003\1015) held by Dr Andrew Atkin. Additional funding from the University of East Anglia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, is gratefully acknowledged. DD is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) APP1162166 and the Heart Foundation (Australia) ID102084. The sixth sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study was core-funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and cofunded by the following consortium of government departments: Department for Education, Department of Health, Ministry of Justice, Home Office, Department for Transport, Department of Work and Pensions, Welsh Government and Department for Employment and Learning (Northern Ireland). The development of the MCS time diary instruments was supported by the ESRC Centre for Longitudinal Studies Resource Centre 2010-2015 grant (award number: RES-579-47-0001), as well as the ESRC Millennium Cohort Study Sweep 6 (Age 14) Survey grant (award number: ES/K005987). Supplemental funding was received from the ESRC cross-investment grant Children’s time use diaries: promoting research, sharing best practice, and evaluating innovations in data collections internationally (award number: ES/F037937) that was a partnership between the Centre for Time Use Research at the University of Oxford and the Centre for Longitudinal Studies at the Institute of Education, University College London.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
PY - 2021/10/5
Y1 - 2021/10/5
N2 - Objective To examine the association of 24-hour time-use compositions with mental health in a large, geographically diverse sample of UK adolescents. Design Cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. Setting Millennium Cohort Study (sixth survey), a UK-based prospective birth cohort. Participants Data were available from 4642 adolescents aged 14 years. Analytical samples for weekday and weekend analyses were n=3485 and n=3468, respectively (45% boys, 85% white ethnicity). Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome measures were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, socioemotional behaviour), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ, depressive symptoms) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE, self-esteem). Behavioural exposure data were derived from 24-hour time-use diaries. Results On weekdays, participants spent approximately 54% of their time in sleep, 3% in physical activity, 9% in school-related activities, 6% in hobbies, 11% using electronic media and 16% in domestic activities. Predicted differences in SDQ, MFQ and RSE were statistically significant for all models (weekday and weekend) that simulated the addition or removal of 15 min physical activity, with an increase in activity being associated with improved mental health and vice versa. Predicted differences in RSE were also significant for simulated changes in electronic media use; an increase in electronic media use was associated with reduced self-esteem. Conclusion Small but consistent associations were observed between physical activity, electronic media use and selected markers of mental health. Findings support the delivery of physical activity interventions to promote mental health during adolescence, without the need to specifically target or protect time spent in other activities.
AB - Objective To examine the association of 24-hour time-use compositions with mental health in a large, geographically diverse sample of UK adolescents. Design Cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. Setting Millennium Cohort Study (sixth survey), a UK-based prospective birth cohort. Participants Data were available from 4642 adolescents aged 14 years. Analytical samples for weekday and weekend analyses were n=3485 and n=3468, respectively (45% boys, 85% white ethnicity). Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome measures were the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, socioemotional behaviour), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ, depressive symptoms) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE, self-esteem). Behavioural exposure data were derived from 24-hour time-use diaries. Results On weekdays, participants spent approximately 54% of their time in sleep, 3% in physical activity, 9% in school-related activities, 6% in hobbies, 11% using electronic media and 16% in domestic activities. Predicted differences in SDQ, MFQ and RSE were statistically significant for all models (weekday and weekend) that simulated the addition or removal of 15 min physical activity, with an increase in activity being associated with improved mental health and vice versa. Predicted differences in RSE were also significant for simulated changes in electronic media use; an increase in electronic media use was associated with reduced self-esteem. Conclusion Small but consistent associations were observed between physical activity, electronic media use and selected markers of mental health. Findings support the delivery of physical activity interventions to promote mental health during adolescence, without the need to specifically target or protect time spent in other activities.
KW - depression & mood disorders
KW - epidemiology
KW - mental health
KW - public health
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116943373&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9f116db6-c50a-34bd-aa60-ba941f5f879e/
U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047189
DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047189
M3 - Article
VL - 11
JO - BMJ Open
JF - BMJ Open
SN - 2044-6055
IS - 10
M1 - 047189
ER -